The decision to approve the keystone XL pipeline might have been delayed until 2013 (which the cynic in me says is just so that it can then be approved without hurting Obama in the next election), but that doesn’t mean the argument over the tar sands is over. In fact, as James Annan recently pointed out “in order to prevent development, the opponents have to keep on winning, for as long as anyone tries to develop the area. In contrast, the developers only have to win once”.
The tar sand and pipeline developers have only been defeated once. As long as there are absurd amounts of money to be made they will not give up. Plans to build a pipe-line to the Pacific ocean are already on the table, as is a new route to the gulf coast that avoids some of the more environmentally sensitive areas in Nebraska.
One way tar sand supporters will continue to push for more tar sands development is to continue their efforts to try to re-brand the tar sands from dirty oil to “ethical oil”.
Yes ethical oil, as opposed to oil from the middle east which, presumably, is unethical. Or as some have put it, “conflict oil”.
The basic argument for ethical oil is that since Canada doesn’t bankroll terrorism or the oppression of women or fanatical Islam, therefore the oil from Canada, despite being dirtier, is ethical while the cleaner oil from Saudi Arabia is unethical. This line of thinking has been adopted by prominent members of both Canadian and American governments who are essentially asking “where do you want the gas in your tank to come from next time you fill up?”
Readers of this site can undoubtedly think of many reasons why the very notion of oil that is somehow ethical is absurd, and indeed since the ethical oil argument was first proposed by Ezra Levant, many people have shown it to be bunk.
Oil is not now and has never been about ethics. Oil, like other businesses, is about money. The China Petrochemical Corp isn’t investing in the Canadian tar sands because Canada is fundamentally more ethical than Saudi Arabia. For China Petrochemical Corp and the other oil companies investing in the dirty Canadian oil, it is all about the money.
But think about the logic behind the ethical oil argument. First it completely ignores the environmental impacts of the tar sands. In this case there is the the foolishness (albeit extremely profitable foolishness) of developing new unconventional and dirtier sources of fossil fuels at a time when we know full well that the continued burning of fossil fuels will take us down a very dangerous path.
Even if we too ignore the environmental impacts of the tar sands the logic of ethical oil doesn’t stand up. What ethical oil promoters like Ezra Levant are asking us to do is to put Canada on a scale balanced by things like woman’s rights, support for terrorism, and religious freedom, against oil-producing countries like Saudi Arabia. As a Canadian I might be biased, but Canada, in all the respects listed above, comes out well ahead of Saudi Arabia or virtually any other OPEC country. As long as those scales are tipped in Canada’s favour the tar sands oil will remain ethical, at least by Ezra Levant’s standards.
A hypothetical Canada could decide to start bankrolling terrorism, and eliminate religious freedoms, but continue to support woman’s rights and, despite the fact that you and I and the virtually every Canadian would be appalled, the scales would still tip in Canada’s favour. The tar sand oil would still be ethical.
This is because at no point in the ethical oil argument does anyone bother to ask “Is this the Canada we want?” No, as long as we are a smidgen better than your average OPEC nation we can pat ourselves on the back and claim that we are ethical.
It should be abundantly clear that this is not the way to make an argument on the grounds of ethics. But then it really isn’t about ethics is it?
A bigger problem, mostly overlooked
At its heart the ethical oil argument is about the notion that sending vast amounts of money to places like Saudi Arabia to purchase oil is unethical. But even the oil friendly Petroleum Economist understands that:
These are strange arguments that show little grasp of the global economy, or the way its most important commodity is traded.
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Oil is also a globally traded commodity and tends, roughly speaking, to follow the laws of supply and demand, so any reduction in US imports from the Middle East would simply make more – and cheaper – Saudi Arabian crude available for the growing oil-consuming economies of Asia.
Canada simply does not have the capacity to exert a strong influence on the price of oil, there doesn’t exist enough excess supply to make a dent in the price.
So even if an entire country were to choose to switch to 100% pure tar sands oil instead of Saudi oil (not that this is a possibility for a country such as the US) the amount of money flowing into the Saudi oil coffers wont change in any meaningful way. The only real way of reducing Saudi oil revenue is to reduce the demand for oil. Since the price of oil, for the most part, follows the laws of supply and demand a strong reduction in demand would lower the price of oil and thus the amount of money flowing to Saudi oil coffers.
But strangely this argument is nowhere to be found amongst the promoters of ethical oil, many of which have actively lobbied against any policies which might reduce our dependence on oil and thus reduce demand, both for Canadian tar sand oil and Saudi oil.
And this strikes to the heart of the hypocrisy of the ethical oil argument, because by their own standards the promoters of ethical oil are acting unethically. By working against policies that might slow the flow of money into Saudi oil coffers they reveal their hypocrisy.
But then the entire ethical oil argument has never been about ethics. It has always been about finding an excuse, any excuse, to further develop the fundamentally unsustainable tar sands.
For me, the primary argument against ethical oil is the one mentioned above about oil’s own impact. The argument about the global market, while technically true, rings a bit hollow for me. When the issue of selling armaments to repressive regimes comes up, supporters mention that somebody is going to sell them weapons anyway. But I don’t want to my country to be the one to do it, even if I acknowledge that the recipient will get their weapons one way or the other.
Let’s put it this way. If there was an ideal clean energy source and it had a global market, would you still not care where you bought it from?
It’s just another example of vendors saying whatever advances their agenda. When it’s free trade, they are free trade purists, but when they want preferential treatment, free trade arguments go away.
I suppose we can’t help it that financial interests can voice ethical opinions, but we can be smart enough to discount those ethical opinions pretty much altogether when they are coincidentally identical with their commercial interests.
My father, who has always been a fervent anti-regulation capitalist, nevertheless responds with contempt to TV commercials for insurance companies that claim to be your friend or “good neighbor”. He says “they only want your money”, and that they have a lot of nerve pretending to be your friend. And of course, that is true.
So they want preferential treatment for their unconventional energy supply, and they choose to appeal to a hastily dusted off ethical principle that their type has spent decades suppressing.
The point isn’t so much that the principle is invalid. The point is that it is self-serving, and that the way they approach it doesn’t in fact support the principle at all.
What about what the tar sands (and the Canadian government) have been doing to First Nations people for years? Here in Canada we may not oppress women, but we do oppress entire populations…
The issue of First Nations people is a lot more complicated, and not really comparable to the plight of women in Saudi Arabia.
But there is a lot of unethical behavior by Canadian governments (federal and provincial, Liberal and Conservative).
The ‘ethical oil’ spinners never seem to mention that Canada itself imports oil from Saudi Arabia [per Stats Canada figures to 2008]. It also imports oil from Venezuela, a country which the spinners also have issues with.
I am always surprised that the Canadian government and fossil fuel industry is comfortable playing the ethics card while embracing China’s involvement as a stakeholder.
Lastly, until Canada does something about their historical and current treatment of our First Nations, oftentimes related to the fossil fuel industry, our ethics cannot withstand scrutiny.
p.s. The immediate move of the man who ran the ‘ethical oil’ website into the Prime Minister’s Office seems, somehow, unethical.
Here’s our Environment Minister (!) Peter Kent , and our Prime Minister Stephen Harper embracing “ethical oil”. Notice how the term is only brought up with regards to U.S. consumption.
With the possibility of cancellation or delays to the Keystone XL pipeline, the current government is going to try and pound through another pipeline . This one will head due west from the tar sands across northern British Columbia, through some of the roughest and remotest country in Canada, to the port of Kitimat B.C. There is no mention here of “ethical” oil, just of Asian markets.
Its not too surprising: from what I’ve seen, “ethics” is matter of convenience for the Conservative Government of Canada.
I seem to recall Evan Solomon from the CBC asking Peter Kent if it was his job to protect the oil sands or to protect the environment.
I don’t remember the answer unfortunately.
More analysis re: the Northern Gateway project. The government has been quietly changing the terms of reference for the environmental assessment:
http://thetyee.ca/Opinion/2011/11/16/Northern-Gateway-EA/
“…there has been a subtle but significant shift in focus from a fairly straightforward environmental assessment (EA) of the project, to a review with much greater emphasis on the need for the project.”
One presumes that an emphasis on the “need” for the project (i.e. to open up exports of bitumen to Asian markets) will outweigh the environmental concerns of a pipeline that crosses thousands of fish-bearing streams to get to a coastline where “tankers would expose B.C. waters to average spills of 1,000 barrels every four years and ten thousand barrels every nine years.” (Andrew Nikiforuk, citing an Environment Canada report that I can’t chase down…)